منابع مشابه
A Psychosocial Approach to Understanding Underground Spaces
With a growing need for usable land in urban areas, subterranean development has been gaining attention. While construction of large underground complexes is not a new concept, our understanding of various socio-cultural aspects of staying underground is still at a premature stage. With projected emergence of underground built environments, future populations may spend much more of their workin...
متن کاملAPPLICATION OF ADAPTIVE NEURO-FUZZY INFERENCE SYSTEM FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGED ZONE AROUND UNDERGROUND SPACES
The development of an excavation damaged zone (EDZ) around an underground excavation can change the physical, mechanical and hydraulic behaviors of the rock mass near an underground space. This might result in endangering safety, achievement of costs and excavation planed. This paper presents an approach to build a prediction model for the assessment of EDZ, based upon rock mass characteristics...
متن کاملRedefinition of Necessities, Applications and Typologies of Underground Spaces in Approaching Iranian Experiences
Utilization of underground spaces is one of the most important methods for human life in all ages. These spaces are seen as architectural units and settlements in harsh climates and unsafe and topographic environments. This paper studied the reasons, necessities and different dimensions of underground spaces and settlements. The method of the research is analytical and descriptive, and it is ai...
متن کاملEmpirical Evaluation of Wireless Underground-to-Underground Communication in Wireless Underground Sensor Networks
Many applications for irrigation management and environment monitoring exploit buried sensors wired-connected to the soil surface for information retrieval. Wireless Underground Sensor Networks (WUSNs) is an emerging area of research that promises to provide communication capabilities to these sensors. To accomplish this, a reliable wireless underground communication channel is necessary, allow...
متن کاملCharacteristics of Underground Channel for Wireless Underground Sensor Networks
Wireless Underground Sensor Networks (WUSN) constitute one of the promising application areas of the recently developed wireless sensor networking techniques. The main difference between WUSN and the terrestrial wireless sensor networks is the communication medium. The propagation characteristics of electromagnetic (EM) waves in soil and the significant differences between propagation in air pr...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Urbani izziv
سال: 2000
ISSN: 0353-6483,1855-8399
DOI: 10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2000-11-02-007